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1.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 30: e2022_0006, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449757

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory degenerative disease, characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage, affecting mostly the knee joint. The elderly population is the most affected, intensifying the aging process. The concentration of intramuscular adipose tissue in the thigh muscles and knee OA at different ages remains under investigation. Objective: Investigate the cross-sectional area of thigh muscles at different ages with the relationship of the presence of intramuscular fat and knee OA. Methods: 80 participants were paired into 4 groups: Young Osteoarthritis Group and Old Osteoarthritis Group, both sedentary with knee OA diagnosis II or III; Healthy Young Group and Healthy Old Group, both healthy and sedentary. The groups were paired according to gender and body mass index, submitted to physiotherapeutic evaluation, WOMAC questionnaire, knee X-ray and thigh CT scans. Morphometric analysis was performed manually with ITK-SNAP software (version 3.6), by a single evaluator. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni post-hoc for dependent variables (p≤0.05). Results: Comparison of the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, sartorius and gracilis muscles between the groups indicated no significant differences (p>0.05). The study of attenuation for muscle adipose tissue indicated no significant difference in the values of between the OA-Young and Aged-S groups for all the muscles evaluated. Conclusion: Young individuals with knee OA present muscle morphological characteristics similar to those found during the aging process, characterizing early aging of the thigh muscles. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective cross-sectional and observational study.


RESUMEN Introducción: La artrosis (OA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria degenerativa crónica, caracterizada por la degeneración progresiva del cartílago articular, que afecta principalmente a la articulación de la rodilla. La población anciana es la más afectada, intensificándose el proceso de envejecimiento. La concentración de tejido adiposo intramuscular en los músculos del muslo y la OA de rodilla a diferentes edades sigue siendo objeto de investigación. Objetivo: Investigar el área transversal de los músculos del muslo a diferentes edades con la relación de la presencia de grasa intramuscular y la OA de rodilla. Métodos: Se emparejó a 80 participantes en 4 grupos: Grupo de jóvenes con osteoartritis y Grupo de mayores con osteoartritis, ambos sedentarios y con diagnóstico de OA de rodilla II o III; Grupo de jóvenes sanos y Grupo de mayores sanos, ambos sanos y sedentarios. Los grupos fueron emparejados según sexo e índice de masa corporal, sometidos a evaluación fisioterapéutica, cuestionario WOMAC, exámenes radiográficos de las rodillas y tomografía computarizada del muslo. El análisis morfométrico se realizó manualmente con el software ITK-SNAP (versión 3.6), por un único evaluador. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba ANOVA unidireccional seguida del post-hoc de Bonferroni para las variables dependientes (p≤0,05). Resultados: La comparación del área transversal de los músculos recto femoral, vasto lateral, semitendinoso, sartorio y gracilis entre los grupos no indicó diferencias significativas (p>0,05). El estudio de la atenuación para el tejido adiposo muscular no indicó diferencias significativas en los valores de entre los grupos OA-Young y Aged-S para todos los músculos evaluados. Conclusión: Individuos jóvenes con OA de rodilla presentan características morfológicas musculares similares a las encontradas durante el proceso de envejecimiento, caracterizando el envejecimiento precoz de los músculos del muslo. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio transversal y observacional retrospectivo.


RESUMO Introdução: A osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença inflamatória crônico-degenerativa, caracterizada pela degeneração progressiva da cartilagem articular, acometendo em maior parte a articulação do joelho. A população idosa é a mais atingida, intensificando o processo de envelhecimento. A concentração de tecido adiposo intramuscular nos músculos da coxa e a OA de joelho em diferentes idades permanece em investigação. Objetivo: Investigar a área de secção transversa dos músculos da coxa em diferentes idades com a relação da presença de gordura intramuscular e OA de joelho. Métodos: 80 participantes foram pareados em 4 grupos: Grupo Osteoartrite Jovem e Grupo Osteoartrite Idoso, ambos sedentários com diagnóstico de OA de joelho II ou III; Grupo Jovem Saudável e Grupo Idoso Saudável, ambos saudáveis e sedentários. Os grupos foram pareados de acordo com sexo e índice de massa corporal, submetidos à avaliação fisioterapêutica, questionário WOMAC, exames de raio-x dos joelhos e tomografia computadorizada da coxa. A análise morfométrica foi realizada manualmente com software ITK-SNAP (versão 3.6), por um único avaliador. Análise estatística utilizou o teste ANOVA one-way seguido pelo post-hoc de Bonferroni, para variáveis dependentes (p≤0,05). Resultados: A comparação da área de secção transversa dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral, semitendinoso, sartório e grácil, entre os grupos, não indicou diferenças significativas (p>0,05). O estudo da atenuação para o tecido adiposo muscular não indicou diferença significativa nos valores de entre os grupos OA-Jovem e Idoso-S para todos os músculos avaliados. Conclusão: Indivíduos jovens com OA de joelho apresentam características morfológicas musculares semelhantes às encontradas durante o processo de envelhecimento, caracterizando um envelhecimento precoce dos músculos da coxa.Nível de Evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo transversal e observacional.

2.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 47: e45, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432089

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. To estimate industrially produced trans and saturated fatty acid levels in foods within the Jamaican food system. Methods. A total of 308 commonly consumed foods were selected for analysis based on their potential to contain trans fatty acids. Samples were collected from supermarkets, convenience stores, and fast-food restaurants. Official methods of gas chromatography for the analysis of fats were used. The results were expressed as grams of fatty acid per 100 g of food sample and percentage of total fatty acids. Results. Total fat was found to exceed United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) limits in 27.3% (n = 84/308) of food samples. About one-third (33.8%; n = 104/308) of commonly consumed foods in Jamaica contained varying levels of industrially produced trans fatty acids, while 7.8% exceeded the Pan American Health Organization limit of 2% of total fat. Industrially produced trans fatty acids were found in food categories such as canned meats, baked goods, cooking oils, condiments, breakfast cereals, desserts, dairy, spreads, snacks, and confectionery. The subcategories coconut oils and burgers had the highest mean content. Canned food, infant food, and pasta categories had no trans fat present. Saturated fats were found in almost all foods. Importantly, 32.5% (n = 100/308) of the foods had saturated fat concentrations higher than the NHS limit of 5 g per 100 g of food. Most of the food items with high levels of industrially produced trans fatty acids also contained high levels of saturated fats. Conclusions. Food products in Jamaica contain varying levels of fats that exceeded recommendations which support healthy consumption. Further exploration and reformulation efforts are needed to ensure that nutritional qualities are improved.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Calcular los niveles de ácidos grasos trans y grasas saturadas producidos industrialmente en alimentos del sistema alimentario de Jamaica. Métodos. Se seleccionó un total de 308 alimentos de consumo común para su análisis en función de la posibilidad de que contuvieran ácidos grasos trans. Se recolectaron muestras de supermercados, tiendas de víveres y restaurantes de comida rápida. Para el análisis de las grasas, se utilizaron métodos oficiales de cromatografía de gases. Se expresaron los resultados en gramos por muestra de alimento y grasa total. Resultados. Se concluyó que la grasa total excedía los límites del Servicio Nacional de Salud del Reino Unido (NHS, por su sigla en inglés) en el 27,3% (n = 84/308) de las muestras de alimentos. Alrededor de un tercio (33,8%; n = 104/308) de los alimentos de consumo común en Jamaica contenían niveles variables de grasas trans producidas industrialmente, mientras que el 7,8% excedía el límite de 2% de grasa total de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Se encontraron grasas trans producidas industrialmente en categorías de alimentos como carnes enlatadas, productos de repostería, aceites de cocina, condimentos, cereales para el desayuno, postres, lácteos, untables, bocadillos o snacks y dulces. Las subcategorías aceite de coco y hamburguesas mostraron el contenido medio más elevado. Las categorías alimentos enlatados, alimentos infantiles y pasta no presentaron grasas trans. Se encontraron grasas saturadas en casi todos los alimentos. Es importante destacar que el 32,5% (n = 100/308) de los alimentos mostraron concentraciones de grasas saturadas superiores al límite del NHS (5 g por cada 100 g de producto). La mayoría de los alimentos con niveles elevados de ácidos grasos trans producidos industrialmente también contenían altos niveles de grasas saturadas. Conclusiones. Los productos alimentarios en Jamaica contienen niveles variables de grasas que excedieron las recomendaciones relativas a un consumo saludable. Es necesario incrementar los esfuerzos de exploración y reformulación para garantizar una mejora de las cualidades nutricionales.


RESUMO Objetivo. Estimar o teor de ácidos graxos trans de produção industrial e ácidos graxos saturados em produtos alimentícios consumidos no sistema alimentar jamaicano. Métodos. Trezentos e oito gêneros alimentícios amplamente consumidos foram selecionados para análise, com base em seu potencial para conter ácidos graxos trans. As amostras foram coletadas em supermercados, lojas de conveniência e restaurantes de fast-food. Foram utilizados métodos oficiais para análise de ácidos graxos, à base de cromatografia gasosa. Os resultados foram expressos em gramas por gordura total e por amostra de alimento. Resultados. Verificou-se que o teor de gordura total excedeu os limites do Serviço Nacional de Saúde do Reino Unido (NHS) em 27,3% (n = 84/308) das amostras de alimentos. Cerca de um terço (33,8%; n = 104/308) dos alimentos comumente consumidos na Jamaica continham níveis variados de ácidos graxos trans de produção industrial, enquanto 7,8% excediam o limite de 2% de gordura total recomendado pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Ácidos graxos trans de produção industrial foram encontrados em diferentes categorias de alimentos, como carnes enlatadas, pães e doces, óleos de cozinha, condimentos, cereais matinais, sobremesas, laticínios, pastas, salgadinhos e confeitos. As subcategorias "óleos de coco" e "hambúrgueres" apresentaram o maior teor médio. As categorias "alimentos enlatados", "alimentos infantis" e "massas" não continham gordura trans. Ácidos graxos saturados foram encontrados em quase todos os alimentos. Cabe notar que 32,5% (n = 100/308) dos alimentos tinham teor de gordura saturada superior ao limite preconizado pelo NHS (5 g por 100 g de alimento). A maioria dos alimentos com alto teor de ácidos graxos trans de produção industrial também continha alto teor de gorduras saturadas. Conclusões. Os produtos alimentícios na Jamaica contêm níveis variados de gorduras, excedendo as recomendações que apoiam o consumo saudável. Mais esforços de exploração e reformulação são necessários para garantir que a qualidade nutricional dos alimentos seja melhorada.

4.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 67(5): e000618, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439238

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare the influence of a high carbohydrate meal versus high-fat meal on the oxidation of substrates during an exercise incremental test. Materials and methods: Ten untrained male subjects underwent two days of the protocol. Randomly, they received a high carbohydrate meal or a high-fat meal, receiving the other one in the next protocol. On both days, they performed an incremental treadmill test, with heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption to estimate the oxidation of substrates. Results: The high-fat meal showed an increase in the absolute amount of oxidized fat along with the incremental test (P < 0.05; effect size = 0.9528), and a reduction in the respiratory exchange ratio at low intensities (P < 0.05; effect size = 0.7765). Conclusions: The meals presented no difference when compared to maximum oxidation point of substrates, the oxidation rate of substrates over time, and heart rate. A pre-test high-fat meal in untrained individuals was shown to be a modulating factor of total oxidized fats throughout the exercise, although it did not exert a significant effect on the rate of this oxidation over time.

5.
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics ; (12): 1122-1125, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-957350

ABSTRACT

Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability in adults, and obesity is one of the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke and prevention of obesity can reduce the probability of patients' first stroke.However, for patients who havealready hadan ischemic stroke, a higher body mass index(BMI)may be correlated with a lower mortality in patients with ischemic stroke, reduced recurrence of stroke, and improved functional prognosis, a phenomenon known as the obesity paradox.The obesity paradox suggests that obesity may be beneficial in ischemic stroke.Therefore, this paper reviews the relationship between primary and secondary prevention of obesity and ischemic stroke, with a focus on theobesity paradox.

6.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 116 p. tab, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396694

ABSTRACT

A fim de atender à demanda do público que atualmente busca por alimentos mais saudáveis, as indústrias têm procurado alternativas que possibilitem a aplicação de ingredientes que agreguem valor nutricional aos produtos. A redução de gorduras saturadas e trans em produtos alimentícios, bem como a inserção de cereais ou farinhas nutricionais, vem sendo aplicadas em produtos de panificação. Biscoitos recheados possuem como bases geralmente biscoitos à base de farinha de trigo. O objetivo foi desenvolver formulação de biscoitos recheados com substituição de gordura vegetal por organogel no recheio e de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo no biscoito, a fim de agregar valor nutricional ao produto. Foram desenvolvidos biscoitos recheados: 1) recheio controle e com substituição da gordura vegetal dos recheios por organogel elaborado com sistema emulsionado (colágeno + óleo vegetal + água), a fim de diminuir concentrações de gorduras saturadas e trans. 2) para a base elaborouse biscoitos controle (farinha de trigo) e com substituição parcial e total de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo em 50% (50FS) e 100% (100FS). Foram conduzidas nos recheios e das bases dos biscoitos análises físicas e físico-químicas (textura, atividade de água, cor, composição centesimal e reologia) para avaliação e para análise de estabilidade de 6 semanas. Os resultados apresentaram que o biscoito 50FS obteve melhor valor de textura (Controle: 16,09 ± 1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63 ± 5,68 N e 100FS: 10,09 ± 0,65 N) e menor teor de atividade de água (Semana 01: 0,327±0,01 e Semana 06: 0,389 ± 0,00) do que o biscoito controle, durante análise de estabilidade. O biscoito 100FS apresentou coloração mais avermelhada. Os biscoitos 50FS e 100FS apresentaram maior teor proteico do que o controle (Controle: 5,37 ± 0,23 %; 50FS: 5,64 ± 0,49 % e 100FS: 5,75 ± 0,49 %). O recheio com organogel apresentou maior dureza (N) durante análise de estabilidade do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Controle: 4,29±0,38). Os parâmetros de adesividade, coesividade e gomosidade do recheio com organogel não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p > 0,05). Os valores de atividade de água da formulação com organogel foram mais altos do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Controle: 0,555±0,01). O valor de L* foi maior para o recheio controle, apresentando coloração mais amarelada do que a formulação com organogel. O recheio com organogel apresentou redução de 65 % do teor lipídico e aumento do teor proteico. Os recheios controle, com organogel e de mercado apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico durante a avaliação reológica, sendo que o produto de mercado teve comportamento próximo à formulação controle, com recuperação quase total da estrutura. Foram desenvolvidos cinco produtos, sendo três inovadores com valor nutricional agregado, atendendo às legislações vigentes, vida útil mínima de 6 semanas e ao apelo do mercado atual, podendo ser comercializados como biscoito recheado


In order to satisfy the demand of the public that is currently looking for healthier foods industries have been looking for alternatives that allow the application of ingredients that add nutritional value to the products. The reduction of saturated and trans fats in food products, as well as the insertion of cereals or nutritional flours, has been applied in bakery products. Filled cookies are usually based on wheat flour. The objective was to develop a formulation of filled cookies with replacement of vegetable fat for organogel in the filling and wheat flour for sorghum flour in the biscuit, in order to add nutritional value to the product. In this study, cookies filled with vegetable fat and wheat flour were used as a control where: 1) filling was replaced by organogel elaborated with an emulsified system (collagen + vegetable oil + water); and 2) base was prepared with partial and total replacer of wheat flour for sorghum flour in 50% (50FS) and 100% (100FS). Physical and physicochemical analyzes (texture, water activity, color, proximate composition and rheology) were carried out on the fillings and bases of the biscuits for evaluation and for the stability analysis of 6 weeks. The results showed that the 50FS cookies had a better texture value (Control: 16,09±1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63±5,68N and 10,09±0,65 N) and lower content of water activity (Week 1: 0,327±0,01 and Week 6: 0,389±0,00) than the control cookie during stability analysis. The 100FS had a more reddish color. The 50FS and 100FS cookies had a higher protein content than the control (Control: 5,37±0,23 %; 50FS 5,64±0,49 %). The fillings with organogel showed a higher hardness (N) than the control during stability analysis (Week 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Control: 4,29±0,38). The parameters of adhesiveness, cohesiveness and guminess of the filling with organogel showed no significant differences (p> 0.05). The water activity values of the organogel formulation were higher than the control filling (Week 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Control: 0,555±0,01). The value of L * was higher for the control filling, showing a more yellowish color than the formulation with organogel. The filling with organogel showed a 65% reduction in lipid content and an increase in protein content. The control, organogel and market fillings showed a thixotropic behavior in the rheological evaluation, and the market product had a behavior close to the control formulation, with almost total recovery of the structure. Five products were developed, three of which were innovative with added nutritional value, in compliance with current legislation, a minimum shelf life of 6 weeks, which can be sold as a stuffed cookies.


Subject(s)
Plant Oils , Food Production , Cookies , Fats/administration & dosage , Rheology/instrumentation , Staining and Labeling/instrumentation , Edible Grain/adverse effects , Collagen/adverse effects , Sorghum/classification , Date of Validity of Products , Flour/analysis , Hardness , Industry/classification , Nutritive Value
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(3): 457-462, Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339194

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento Pouco se conhece sobre a relação entre sarcopenia e hemodinâmica central em idosos longevos. Objetivo Estudar a relação da rigidez arterial com a composição corporal em idosos longevos. Métodos A composição corporal foi avaliada por meio da absortometria de Raio X de dupla energia (DEXA) e dos parâmetros de circulação central (PCC) obtidos por método oscilométrico não invasivo, com o Mobil-O-Graph 24h PWA Monitor®. Os parâmetros centrais avaliados foram: velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP), augmentation index (AIx), índice de amplificação da pressão de pulso (iAPP) e pressão de pulso central (PPc). Estes foram correlacionados com massa magra total (MM) e apendicular (MA), percentual de gordura corporal e índice de Baumgartner (IB). Aceitou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram 124 longevos, com idade média de 87,1 anos (DP±4,3 anos), sendo 74,2% mulheres e 57,3% brancos. Houve correlação inversa do AIx com as variáveis MM (r = - 0,391, p < 0,001), MA (r= -0,378, p< 0,001) e IB (r = -0,258, p 0,004). A PPc apresentou associação inversa com MM (r= -0,268, p =0,003), MA (r=-0,288, p= 0,001) e IB (r= -0,265, p = 0,003). Houve relação direta apenas entre AIx e percentual de gordura corporal (r= 0,197, p= 0,029). Conclusão Em idosos longevos, o percentual de gordura corporal se associa diretamente com a rigidez arterial e tem associação inversa com a quantidade de MM. Esses achados podem estar associados ao maior risco cardiovascular.


Abstract Background Arterial stiffness, obesity and sarcopenia correlate with each other and with cardiac outcomes in younger adults. However, there is little evidence of the association between body composition and markers of central arteries stiffness in long-lived people. Objective To evaluate the relationship between arterial stiffness and body composition in functionally independent long-lived individuals. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of the association between markers of arterial stiffness and body composition among participants in a longitudinal cohort of elderly individuals aged 80 years or older who were functionally independent and lived in the community . Body composition measurements were performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and central circulation parameters (CCP) obtained by a non-invasive oscillometric method through the Mobil-O-Graph 24h PWA Monitor® device. The central parameters evaluated were: pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation Index (AIx), pulse pressure amplification index (PPAi) and central pulse pressure (cPP). These were correlated to total lean mass (LM) and appendicular lean mass (aLM), body fat percentage, and Baumgartner's Index (BI). The level of significance was set at 5% for all tests. Results Data from 124 elderly people with a mean age of 87.1 years (SD ± 4.3 years) were analyzed, with 74.2% of women and 57.3% of white. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation of AIx with LM (r = -0.391, p <0.001), aLM (r = -0.378, p <0.001), and BI (r = -0.258, p = 0.004). Also, cPP had an inversely proportional association with LM (r = -0.268, p = 0.003), aLM (r = -0.288, p = 0.001), and BI (r = -0.265, p = 0.003). When assessing the relationship between fat mass and CCP, a statistically significant direct relationship was observed only between AIx and body fat percentage (r = 0.197, p = 0.029). Conclusion In long-lived people, body fat percentage is directly associated with arterial stiffness and inversely associated with the amount of LM. These findings may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vascular Stiffness , Blood Pressure , Body Composition , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pulse Wave Analysis
8.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 60(2): e1089, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1280219

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La descompresión con sonda nasogástrica y la vía oral cerrada por varios días, ha sido práctica común tras procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos del tracto digestivo. Los programas para mejorar la recuperación posoperatoria (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery), aconsejan cambiar esta práctica. Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento y repercusión en la evolución posoperatoria de dos acciones del programa en el retiro de la sonda nasogástrica y la apertura de la vía oral el día de la intervención. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras" de septiembre 2017 a agosto 2020. La muestra fue de 270 pacientes con intervención quirúrgica mayor electiva del colon, hígado, vía biliar o páncreas, a los que se les aplicó el programa para mejorar la recuperación posoperatoria. Resultados: En 79,6 por ciento de pacientes, la sonda nasogástrica se retiró en el quirófano tras la intervención y esto se asoció a más rápida recuperación de la función intestinal, menor estadía, complicaciones, reingresos y reintervenciones. En 60 por ciento se inició la vía oral 6 horas después de la cirugía y 79,6 por ciento toleraban dieta blanda a las 48 horas. Estos pacientes presentaron menos complicaciones y mortalidad. Conclusiones: En el contexto de un programa para mejorar la recuperación posoperatoria, tras cirugía abdominal electiva, el retiro de la sonda nasogástrica el día de la intervención, con apertura precoz de la vía oral y rápida progresión a dieta blanda, son acciones bien toleradas que repercuten positivamente en la evolución posoperatoria(AU)


Introduction: Nasogastric tube decompression, together with the oral route closed for several days, has been a common practice after elective surgical procedures of the digestive tract. Programs to improve postoperative recovery (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) advise changing this practice. Objective: To assess compliance and impact on postoperative evolution of two program actions for nasogastric tube removal and opening of the oral route on the intervention day. Methods: A prospective study was carried out, from September 2017 to August 2020, in the general surgery service of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital. The sample consisted of 270 patients who underwent major elective surgery of the colon, liver, bile duct or pancreas and were applied the program to improve postoperative recovery. Results: In 79.6 percent of patients, the nasogastric tube was removed in the operating room after the intervention, a fact associated with faster recovery of intestinal function, shorter stay, as well as fewer complications, readmissions and reinterventions. In 60 percent of the patients, the oral route was started at six hours after surgery, while 79.6 percent of them tolerated a soft diet at 48 hours. These patients presented fewer complications and mortality. Conclusions: In the context of a program to improve postoperative recovery after elective abdominal surgery, nasogastric tube removal on the intervention day, with early opening of the oral route and rapid progression to a soft diet, are well-tolerated actions that have a positive effect on postoperative evolution(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Bile Ducts/surgery , Elective Surgical Procedures/methods , Gastrointestinal Tract/injuries , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery , Prospective Studies
9.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 36(2): 203-209, abr.jun.2021. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368046

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O enxerto de gordura nano melhora a qualidade da pele nos danos secundários ao envelhecimento e nas sequelas cicatriciais. Apresentamos resultados iniciais do enxerto de gordura nano com o uso de um dispositivo descartável de baixo custo propondo uma padronização da sua utilização conforme a área a ser tratada. Métodos: Foi realizada uma coorte prospectiva de julho de 2019 a março de 2020. O critério de inclusão foi pacientes que realizaram enxerto de gordura nano para tratamento da pele. Já o critério de exclusão foi a realização prévia de algum tratamento invasivo da pele. Foram analisadas 20 pacientes consecutivas que preencheram os pré-requisitos. Os resultados foram avaliados no 6º mês de pós-operatório. As pacientes responderam um questionário, classificando de 1 - muito ruim a 10 - excelente, as alterações na qualidade da pele. Resultados: As vinte pacientes acompanhadas não apresentaram nenhuma complicação pós-operatória. O edema após aplicação reduziu entre três e sete dias. Não houve hematoma nem infecção. As pacientes que realizaram somente enxerto de gordura nano, sem outra cirurgia associada, conseguiram voltar às suas atividades após 24 horas. Os escores relatados pelas pacientes com 6 meses foram entre 7 e 10, com média de 8. Conclusão: A utilização do sistema Smartneedle™ para a enxertia de gordura nano apresenta resultados na satisfação das pacientes semelhante aos outros métodos de aplicação e permite uma distribuição uniforme e padronizada do enxerto conforme a região anatômica, além de otimizar o tempo cirúrgico.


Introduction: Nanofat graft improves skin quality in damage secondary to aging and scar sequelae. We present the initial results of the nanofat graft using a low-cost disposable device, proposing a standardization of its use according to the area to be treated. Methods: A prospective cohort was conducted from July 2019 to March 2020. The inclusion criterion was patients who underwent nanofat grafting for skin treatment. The exclusion criterion was the previous performance of some invasive treatment of the skin. Twenty consecutive patients who met the prerequisites were analyzed. The results were evaluated in the 6th postoperative month. The patients answered a questionnaire, classifying from 1 - very bad to 10 - excellent, changes in skin quality. Results: The twenty patients followed did not present any postoperative complications. Edema after the application was reduced between three and seven days. There was no hematoma or infection. Patients who underwent only nanofat grafting without another associated surgery could return to their activities after 24 hours. The scores reported by patients at 6 months were between 7 and 10, with a mean of 8. Conclusion: The use of the Smartneedle™ system for nanofat grafting presents patient satisfaction similar to other application methods and allows a uniform and standardized distribution of the graft according to the anatomical region and optimizing surgical time

10.
Perspect. nutr. hum ; 22(2): 175-188, jul.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351202

ABSTRACT

Resumen Antecedentes: la palma de mil pesos (Oenocarpus bataua) es una especie promisoria, tanto por sus frutos ricos en aceite de excelente condición como por su especial adaptación a suelos pobres. Objetivo: analizar el perfil de ácidos grasos y propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de palma de mil pesos. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, el porcentaje de saturación con técnicas del AOAC y el perfil de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía líquida de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CG-FID). Resultados: el aceite analizado tiene un perfil de ácidos grasos parecido al del aceite de oliva, con la siguiente distribución porcentual de ácidos grasos: palmítico (11,9±1,1), oleico (76,1±1), linoleico (3±0,4), α-linolénico (1,9±0,3), con predominio de grasas monoinsaturadas (77,0±1,0 %), moderado aporte de saturadas (18,1±1,2 %) y bajo de poliinsaturadas (4,9±0,6 %), esto último sería la única limitante para utilizarlo como única fuente de grasa para la preparación de alimentos, por lo demás cumple con la norma colombiana para el aceite de palma alto oleico en cuanto al perfil de ácidos grasos y sus características físicoquímicas. Conclusiones: el aceite estudiado es potencialmente comercializable para el consumo humano y tiene beneficios para la salud cardiovascular de los consumidores.


Abstract Background: The thousand peso palm tree (Oenocarpus bataua) is a promising species, both for its oil-rich fruits of excellent properties and for its unique adaptation to poor soils. Objective: Analyze the fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties of oil from the thousand peso palm tree. Materials and Methods: The physicochemical properties and the percentage of saturation ere found using AOAC techniques, and the fatty acid profile was analyzed by liquid gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results: The oil analyzed had a fatty acid profile similar to olive oil, with the following percentage distribution of fatty acids: palmitic (11.9±1.1), oleic (76.1±1), linoleic (3±0.4), α-linolenic (1.9±0.3), with a predominance of monounsaturated fats (77.0±1.0%), moderate contribution of saturated (18.1±1.2%) and low polyunsaturated (4.9±0.6%). Only the polyunsaturated profile would constitute a limitation for use as a sole source of fat for food preparation, otherwise thousand peso palm oil complies with the Colombian standard for high oleic palm oil in terms of the fatty acid profile and its physicochemical characteristics. Conclusions: The oil studied is potentially marketable for human consumption and has cardiovascular health benefits for consumers.


Subject(s)
Palm Oil , Fatty Acids
11.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 19(2): 243-248, set 24, 2020. fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358126

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a ultrassonografia tem sido utilizada na identificação da doença pancreática gordurosa não alcoólica (DPGNA), entretanto o método apresenta como desvantagem a subjetividade do examinador. Objetivo: quantificar a ecogenicidade pancreática para classificar em graus a DPGNA. Metodologia: utilizou-se a análise de histograma de escala de cinzas para quantificar a ecogenicidade, com a finalidade de análise mais acurada das características do tecido pancreático. Inicialmente, foi calculado o intervalo representativo da ecogenicidade pancreática e renal (média ± 2 desvios-padrão, que corresponde aos 97,5% mais representativos do tecido). Posteriormente, foi determinado o percentual de sobreposição da ecogenicidade do pâncreas com o rim analisado. Resultados: consideraram-se como normal quando o percentual de sobreposição de ecogenicidade estava em até 25%; esteatose grau I para percentual entre 25 e 50%; esteatose grau II para percentual entre 50 e 75%; esteatose grau III para percentual acima de 75%.Conclusão: os autores concluem que, com quantificação de ecogenicidade, a classificação de DPGNA torna-se não examinador-dependente.


Ultrasonography has been used in the identification of non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) however the method presents the subjectivity of examiner as disadvantage. Objective: the aim of this study is to quantify pancreas echogenicity and classify NAFPD degrees. Methodology: to provide for an accurate analysis, a gray-scale histogram was used to quantify the liver parenchyma echogenicity. Initially, a calculation was made to find the representative interval of liver and underlying kidney echogenicity (average ± 2 standard deviations, which corresponds to the 97.5% of the most representative portion of the tissue). Afterwards, the percentage of overlapping echogenicity of kidney was determined. Results: results were considered normal when the percentage of overlapping echogenicity was up to 25%; mild steatosis (or degree 1), a percentage between 25% and 50%; moderate steatosis (degree 2), a percentage between 50% and 75%; and severe steatosis (degree 3), a percentage above 75%. Conclusion: the quantification and classification of pancreas echogenicity for NAFPD using a gray-scale histogram is objective and non-examiner dependent.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pancreas , Diagnostic Imaging , Ultrasonography , Fats
12.
Fisioter. Bras ; 21(4): 396-406, Ago 08, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1283410

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A adiposidade localizada é considerada uma das disfunções estéticas mais procuradas para tratamento no âmbito da estética. Como opção de tratamento apresentamos a lipoescultura gessada que é um método não invasivo e inovador, que consiste em reduzir a lipodistrofia localizada pelo aumento do metabolismo através da Lei de Van't Hoff. Consta em tratamento baseado em uma linha de cosmecêuticos ortomoleculares da marca Bothanica Mineral®, empregados no combate à celulite, gordura localizada e flacidez, agindo de forma diversificada nas disfunções estéticas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os efeitos da lipoescultura gessada no abdome em mulheres de 20 a 35 anos com IMC ideal. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa intervencional. O estudo foi composto por 36 mulheres, apresentando lipodistrofia localizada no abdome, selecionadas através de entrevista. Após seleção, foram coletados dados através da ficha de avaliação da lipoescultura gessada contendo perfil sociodemográfico, bioimpedância, perimetria abdominal e caracterização da gordura, com um total de 8 sessões, 2 vezes na semana. Foi realizada uma reavaliação delas na nona sessão. Resultados: Diversos são os tipos de aparelhos e procedimentos estéticos disponíveis para intensificar os resultados do tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada do abdome em mulheres, porém, uma lipoescultura gessada bem-feita e associada a bons cosméticos e cuidados diários após o tratamento permitem um ótimo resultado, como comprovado em nosso trabalho. Conclusão: Conclui-se, então, que o protocolo de tratamento da lipoescultura gessada resultou em melhorias das condições gerais de gordura das mulheres estudadas, melhorando o contorno corporal. (AU)


Introduction: Localized adiposity is considered one of the most sought aesthetic dysfunctions for aesthetic treatment. As a treatment option we present a noninvasive and innovative method, the plastered liposculpture, which consists in reducing localized lipodystrophy by increasing metabolism through Van't Hoff's Law. It is based on a line of Orthomolecular cosmeceuticals Bothanica Mineral®, used in the therapy against cellulite, localized fat and flaccidity, acting in a diversified way in aesthetic dysfunctions. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the effects of plastered liposculpture on the abdomen in women aged 20 to 35 years with ideal BMI. Methods: This is an interventional research. The study was composed of 36 women, presenting lipodystrophy located in the abdomen, selected through interview. After selection, data were collected through the plastered liposculpture evaluation card containing sociodemographic profile, bioimpedance, abdominal perimetry and fat characterization, with 8 sessions, 2 times a week. A reassessment was made at the ninth session. Results: Several types of devices and aesthetic procedures are available to intensify the results of the treatment of localized lipodystrophy of the abdomen in women, however, a well-made plastered liposculpture, associated with good cosmetics and daily care after treatment allow a significative result, such as proven in our work. Conclusion: It was concluded that the treatment protocol of plastered liposculpture resulted in improvement in the general fat conditions of the studied women, improving the body contour. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Adipose Tissue , Abdomen , Fats , Esthetics
13.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 47(1)abr. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386622

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La obesidad en niños se asocia también a ingesta de alimentos ricos en grasas, azúcares y sodio, por ello es importante conocer sus niveles en golosinas y las bebidas dulces. Objetivos: Evaluar contenido de nutrientes críticos acorde al Perfil de Nutrientes de OPS en golosinas dulces, snacks salados y bebidas dulces no alcohólicas envasadas, según información del etiquetado nutricional. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, exploratorios. Se evaluó contenido por porción de grasas totales(GT), saturadas(GS) y trans(GTr), sodio, azúcares libres(AL) y edulcorantes artificiales(EA) en golosinas dulces, saladas, y bebidas dulces no alcohólicas (BDNA) según etiquetado nutricional. Niveles excesivos fueron considerados según "Perfil de nutrientes de OPS". Muestra fue por conveniencia obtenida en 2 bocas de expendio. Se excluyeron postres envasados y golosinas con información poco visible. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 104 alimentos agrupados en: confitería (alfajor, magdalenas), chocolates, snacks salados (queso, maíz, galletitas saladas, papas fritas), galletitas dulces, bebidas dulces (jugos/gaseosas/bebidadeportistas). En confitería, 8/13 tenían exceso de GT, 10/13 de GS, 4/13 de GTr, 11/13, de AL, ninguno exceso de sodio, 11/13 tenían EA. Entre chocolates, todos tenían exceso de GT y GS, 2/10 en GTr, ninguno sodio, 9/10 altos en AL, 2/10 contenían EA. Snacks:, 14/17 eran altos en GT, 7/17 en GS, 1/17 en GTr, 15/17 en sodio, 4/17 en AL, 6/17 contenían EA. Galletitas dulces tenían exceso de GT 14/20, de GS 17/20, 6/20 de GTr, de sodio 1/20, todos con AL,17/20 contenían EA. En BDH (n=44), todas tenían exceso de sodio, 36/44 exceso de AL, 21/44 tenían EA. Conclusión: Alimentos de confitería son altos en grasas, azúcares libres y edulcorantes.. Los chocolates son altos en grasas y azucares. Los snacks son altos en sodio y grasas. Las galletitas tienen exceso de azúcares y grasas saturadas, 2/3 contienen edulcorantes artificiales. Las bebidas dulces son altas en sodio y azucares, la mitad tiene edulcorantes artificiales.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity in children is also associated with intake of foods high in fat, sugar and sodium, so it is important to know their levels in sweets and sweet drinks. Objectives: To evaluate critical nutrient content according to the PAHO Nutrient Profile in sweet treats, salty snacks and packaged non-alcoholic sweet drinks, according to nutritional labeling information. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study. Content per serving of total fat (TF), saturated fats (SF) and trans-fatty acids (TrF), sodium, free sugars (FS) and artificial sweeteners (AS) in sweet, salty, and non-alcoholic sweet drinks (NASD) was evaluated according to nutritional labeling. Excessive levels were considered according to the "PAHO Nutrient Profile". Samples were obtained for convenience at two outlet stores. Packaged desserts and treats with poorly visible information were excluded. Results: We evaluated 104 foods, which were grouped in: baked foods (alfajor, muffins), chocolates, salty snacks (cheese, corn, crackers, french fries), sweet cookies, and sweet drinks (juices / soft drinks / sports drinks). In baked foods, 8/13 had excess of TF, 10/13 of SF, 4/13 of TrF, 11/13 of FS, no excess of sodium, 11/13 had AS. Among chocolates, all had excess of TF and SF, 2/10 in TrF, none of sodium, 9/10 were high in FS, 2/10 contained AS. Snacks: 14/17 were high in TF, 7/17 in SF, 1/17 in TrF, 15/17 in sodium, 4/17 in FS, 6/17 contained AS. Sweet cookies had excess TF (14/20), SF (17/20), 6/20 had excess of TrF, sodium (1/20), all had excess FS, 17/20 contained AS. In NASD (n = 44), all had excess sodium, 36/44 had excess FS, 21/44 had AS. Conclusion: Baked foods are high in fat, free sugars and sweeteners. Chocolates are high in fats and sugars. Snacks are high in sodium and fat. Cookies have excess sugar and saturated fat, 2/3 contained artificial sweeteners. Sweet drinks are high in sodium and sugars, half have artificial sweeteners.

14.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 45(1): 32-39, mar. 2020. Artículo de investigación
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146569

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad cuya prevalencia se incrementa rápidamente en los países de ingresos medianos y bajos. Siendo los carbohidratos el principal determinante de la glucemia posprandial, se ha evidenciado que existe también influencia de los ácidos grasos sobre las cifras postprandiales de glucosa y lípidos. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si los niveles postprandiales de glucosa y lípidos difieren entre un desayuno con ácidos grasos saturados vs ácidos grasos insaturados en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). Métodos: Es un estudio de tipo cuasi experimental con diseño cruzado, en el cual se realizó eva-luación antropométrica (peso, talla, IMC, circunferencia de cintura, porcentaje de grasa y músculo) y evaluación bioquímica preprandial y postprandial (glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol HLD, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos) en 30 pacientes adultos con diabetes tipo 2, a los cuales se les administró dos tipos de desayunos isocalóricos, el uno con aporte de ácidos grasos saturados 99,3 Kcal y el otro de ácidos grasos insaturados 113,4 Kcal. Resultados: la ingesta de ácidos grasos saturados produce una mayor elevación de las cifras postpran-diales de glucosa (p=0,01) y no de los lípidos postprandiales. Los ácidos grasos insaturados, permitieron llegar al objetivo de glucosa postprandial recomendada (<140mg/dL), en un mayor porcentaje de pacientes (p=0,02). Conclusiones: el consumo de un desayuno alto en ácidos grasos insaturados permitió un mejor control de las cifras postprandiales de glucosa en comparación con el consumo de un desayuno alto en ácidos grasos saturados. No existió diferencia en las cifras de lípidos posprandiales en los dos tipos de desayuno


Background and objective: type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease that has been increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, affecting a large population group. Being the carbohydrates, the main determinant of the postprandial glucose elevation, it has been evidenced that there is also an influence of the fatty acids on the postprandial values of glucose and lipids. The aim of the present study is to compare the postprandial levels of glucose and lipids between a breakfast high in saturated fatty acids vs unsaturated fatty acids in patients with T2DM. Materials and methods: it is an cuasi experimental crossover study. We did an anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, percentage of fat and muscle) and preprandial and postprandial biochemical evaluation (glucose, total cholesterol, HLD cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Triglycerides) in 30 adults patients with type 2 diabetes, to determine the influence of fatty acids in two different breakfasts with the same caloric load, but each with a different contribution of saturated 99.3 Kcal or unsaturated fatty acids 113.4 Kcal. Results: the intake of a breakfast high in saturated fatty acids produced a higher increase in postprandial glucose values (p = 0.01) and not in postprandial lipids. Unsaturated fatty acids permit attain the goal of postprandial glucose (<140mg /dL) (p = 0.02) in most patients. Conclusions: The intake of high unsaturated fatty acids breakfast allowed a better postprandial glucose control, in comparison to the consumption of a breakfast high in saturated fatty acids. We did not find any difference in postprandial lipids with both types of breakfast.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Postprandial Period , Breakfast , Glucose , Lipids
15.
SMAD, Rev. eletrônica saúde mental alcool drog ; 16(1): 1-9, jan.-mar. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094434

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: investigar o efeito do consumo de álcool em geral e do tipo de bebida alcoólica consumida, em diferentes medidas lipídicas. MÉTODO: o efeito do consumo de álcool foi investigado, bem como do tipo de bebida alcoólica, em diferentes medidas lipídicas, em ambos os sexos de população do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto. RESULTADOS: foram realizadas análises em relação ao tipo e quantidade de consumo de bebida alcoólica por sexo. O consumo baixo-a-moderado de álcool, independentemente do tipo de bebida alcoólica consumida, resultou em níveis mais elevados de HDL-colesterol, HDL2-colesterol e HDL3-colesterol em homens e mulheres. Não houve participantes da pesquisa que consumiam quantidade baixa a moderada de bebidas alcoólicas destiladas. Os triglicerídeos tiveram efeitos inversos para homens e mulheres no perfil lipídico. Para homens, bebidas destiladas contribuíram para melhor perfil dos triglicerídeos, enquanto para mulheres foi o contrário. Homens que consumiam bebidas alcoólicas destiladas tiveram níveis menores de triglicerídeos e mulheres que consumiam bebidas alcóolicas destiladas tiveram níveis maiores. Nossos resultados estão de acordo com os de estudos anteriores. CONCLUSÃO: o consumo de álcool resultou em níveis diferentes de medidas lipídicas séricas em homens e mulheres. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a resposta ao álcool tem diferenças biológicas.


OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effect of general alcohol consumption and of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, in different lipid measurements. METHOD: the effect of alcohol consumption as well as that of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed were investigated, in different lipid measurements, for the participants in the Longitudinal Study on Adults' Health for both sexes. RESULTS: analyses were conducted on the type and amount of alcoholic beverage consumed by sex. Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption, regardless of the type of alcoholic beverage, resulted in higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, HDL2- cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol in males and females. No participants in the study consumed low-to-moderate amounts of spirits. Triglycerides showed inverse effects for men and women according to the lipid profile. For men, spirits contributed to a better triglyceride profile while for women it was the opposite. Men who consumed spirits showed lower triglyceride levels, and women who consumed that beverage type had higher levels. Our results are in agreement with those of previous studies. CONCLUSION: alcohol consumption resulted in different levels of serum lipid measurements in men and women. Thus, it is concluded that response to alcohol has biological differences.


OBJETIVO: investigar el efecto del consumo de alcohol general, así como el tipo de bebida alcohólica consumida, en diferentes medidas lipídicas. MÉTODO: el efecto del consumo de alcohol fue investigado, así como el tipo de bebida alcohólica, en diferentes medidas lipídicas en ambos sexos de población del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto. RESULTADOS: se realizaron análisis en relación al tipo y cantidad de consumo de bebida alcohólica por sexo. El consumo bajo a moderado de alcohol, independientemente del tipo de bebida alcohólica consumida, resultó en niveles más altos de HDL-colesterol, HDL2-colesterol y HDL3-coleseterol en hombres y mujeres. No hubo participantes de investigación que consumían en cantidad baja a moderada de bebidas alcohólicas destiladas. Los triglicéridos tuvieron efectos inversos para hombres y mujeres en el perfil lipídico. Para los hombres, las bebidas destiladas contribuyeron a un mejor perfil de los triglicéridos, mientras que para las mujeres fue lo contrario. Los hombres que consumían bebidas alcohólicas destiladas tenían niveles más pequeños de triglicéridos y las mujeres que consumían bebidas alcohólicas destiladas tuvieron niveles más altos. Nuestros resultados están de acuerdo con estudios anteriores. CONCLUSIÓN: el consumo de alcohol resultó en niveles significativamente mayores de HDL-colesterol, HDL2-colesterol y HDL3-colesterol, tanto en mujeres como en hombres. De esta forma, se concluye que la respuesta al alcohol tiene diferencias biológicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Triglycerides , Alcohol Drinking , Cholesterol , Adult Health , Longitudinal Studies , Sex Distribution , Substance-Related Disorders , Alcoholism , Lipoproteins, HDL , Cholesterol, HDL
16.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-201831

ABSTRACT

Background: In India, fast foods are becoming part of our daily lifestyle. Foods prepared in restaurants are very high in trans fats (TFs). Also, alarmingly about 400,000 tonnes of snacks, which are largely prepared in TFs are consumed every year. According to recent studies, TFs levels are 5 to 12 times higher in the oils consumed in India as compared to the world standard. The WHO recommends that TFs intake be less than 1 percent of total caloric intake. The objective of the study was to assess the consumption of TFs and fats in foods by the population in urban and rural areas.Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study. All adult females above 18 years of age who took an active part in kitchen were interviewed. Their dietary patterns were assessed. The sampling was done using a systematic random sampling technique and 200 participants each in rural and urban areas were selected.Results: 12 percent participants in the urban area and 9 percent participants in the rural area were exceeding WHO limit of less than 1 percent TFs consumption. The median value of TFs consumption was higher in urban area (0.575 grams/day) than in rural area (0.427 grams/day).Conclusions: The study concludes that 12 percent participants in the urban area and 9 percent participants in the rural area were exceeding TFs consumption. Therefore, a proactive approach to ensure that these WHO regulations have the full intended effect needs to be taken.

17.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-194524

ABSTRACT

Background: Type 2 diabetes is the result of complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes epidemic is largely due to unhealthy diet and lifestyles. Dietary composition affects both its development and complications because fatty acids influence glucose metabolism by altering cell membrane function, enzyme activity, insulin signalling, and gene expression. Therefore, replacing saturated fats and trans-fatty acids with unsaturated fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and in reducing the risks of type 2 diabetes. Research has shown that if people with diabetes, together with the health care workers manage diabetes well, that the risk of complications will be greatly reduced or prevented or delayed. This study focused on assessing the prevalence and causes of type 2 diabetes, types of complications patients presented, and the likely preventive interventions given to them in University Teaching Hospital Orlu.Methods: A retrospective study that carried out extensive review of hospital records of adults admitted and treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus from 2015 to 2017 in University Teaching Hospital was done. The review of the adult patients' records lasted for three working weeks. In the review, summaries of causes of diabetes, types of complications and preventive measures health workers provided to the patients were documented.Results: Finding showed that 79 adults made up of 43(54.4%) males and 36(45.6%) female between 41-77 years were admitted and treated for various causes of type 2 diabetes between 2015 and 2017. Most of the patients treated were civil and public servants. The main cause of diabetes mellitus 51(65%) among the patients studied was physical inactivity due to sedentary work. The common complications presented were hypertension, diabetic ulcer, depression and obesity. Health talks and group counselling were the interventions provided. These interventions concentrated on types of healthy dietary intakes and lifestyles the patients should adopt.Conclusions: Regular and sustained health care services that would emphasize healthy diet and lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus should be provided to all patients treated in this hospital. Therefore, obese diabetic patients should be encouraged to engage in physical exercises so as to maintain healthy body weight which is a cornerstone for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(5): 896-902, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055036

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: In view of the increased global prevalence of cardiovascular and hepatic diseases, the diet lipid content and its relationship with the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes have been investigated as key factors in preventing these diseases. Objective: To evaluate the metabolic effects of a high-lard diet supplemented or not with cholesterol on a modified dyslipidemia model. Methods: We divided 24 adult male Wistar rats into three groups: standard diet (STD - 4% lipids), high-lard diet (HLD - 21% lard), and high-lard and high-cholesterol diet (HL/HCD - 20% lard, 1% cholesterol, 0.1% cholic acid). After six weeks of treatment, blood and liver were collected for biochemical (serum lipid profile and liver enzymes) and morphological analyses. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey test for mean comparisons, and a 5% probability was considered statistically significant. Results: Animals fed HL/HCD showed increased total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum levels compared to those fed STD. In addition, the HL/HCD animals presented higher relative liver weight, with moderate macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusion: A high-fat diet with lard (20%) and cholesterol (1%) triggered dyslipidemia with severe liver damage in rats in a shorter experimental time than the previously reported models. The high-lard diet without supplementation of cholesterol led to body weight gain, but not to dyslipidemia.


Resumo Fundamento: Tendo em vista o aumento da prevalência global de doenças cardiovasculares e hepáticas, o conteúdo lipídico da dieta e sua relação com o acúmulo de gordura nos hepatócitos têm sido investigados como fatores-chave na prevenção dessas doenças. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos metabólicos de uma dieta rica em banha suplementada com colesterol ou não, em um modelo modificado de dislipidemia. Métodos: Foram divididos 24 ratos Wistar machos adultos em três grupos: dieta padrão (DP - 4% de lipídios), dieta rica em banha (DRB - 21% de banha) e dieta rica em banha e colesterol (DRB/RC - 20% de banha, 1% de colesterol e 0,1% de ácido cólico). Após seis semanas de tratamento, o sangue e o fígado foram coletados para análises bioquímicas (perfil lipídico sérico e enzimas hepáticas) e morfológicas. A análise estatística incluiu análise de variância unidirecional (ANOVA), seguida do teste de Tukey para comparações de médias. Uma probabilidade de 5% foi considerada estatisticamente significativa. Resultados: Animais alimentados com DRB/RC apresentaram um aumento nos níveis séricos de colesterol total, triacilglicerol, LDL-c, não-HDL-c, alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST) em comparação com aqueles alimentados com DP. Além disso, os animais tratados com DRB/RC apresentaram um peso relativo do fígado maior, com esteatose hepática macrovesicular moderada e infiltrado inflamatório. Conclusão: Uma dieta rica em gordura com banha (20%) e colesterol (1%) desencadeou dislipidemia com danos graves ao fígado em ratos em um tempo experimental menor do que os modelos previamente relatados. A dieta rica em banha sem suplementação de colesterol levou ao ganho de peso corporal, mas não à dislipidemia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dyslipidemias/chemically induced , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Metabolic Diseases/etiology , Organ Size , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Body Weight , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Cholesterol/adverse effects , Cholesterol/blood , Rats, Wistar , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Dyslipidemias/metabolism , Dyslipidemias/blood , Fatty Liver/pathology , Inflammation , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Metabolic Diseases/metabolism , Metabolic Diseases/blood
19.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 56(4): 431-439, Oct.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055159

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 20%-30% of general population and is even more prevalent among obese individuals. The risk factors mainly associated with NAFLD are diseases related to the metabolic syndrome, genetics and environment. In this review, we provide a literature compilation evaluating the evidence behind dietary components, including calories intake, fat, protein, fibers and carbohydrate, especially fructose which could be a trigger to development and progression of the NAFLD. In fact, it has been demonstrated that diet is an important factor for the development of NAFLD and its association is complex and extends beyond total energy intake.


RESUMO A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) afeta aproximadamente de 20% a 30% da população geral sendo prevalente entre os indivíduos obesos. Os fatores de risco associados à DHGNA são: doenças relacionadas à síndrome metabólica, fatores genéticos e meio ambiente. Nesta revisão, fornecemos uma compilação bibliográfica avaliando como as evidências relacionadas aos componentes da dieta, incluindo ingestão calórica, de gorduras, de proteínas, de fibras e de carboidratos, especialmente a frutose, poderiam ser um estímulo para o desenvolvimento e progressão da DHGNA. Foi demonstrado que a dieta é um fator importante para o desenvolvimento da DHGNA e sua associação se estende além do consumo total de calorias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Energy Intake , Diet/adverse effects , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology , Risk Factors , Disease Progression
20.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(3): 374-380, Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038553

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Stress is a state of threat to the balance of the organism, which can cause biological and psychological changes. In hypertensive patients, stress can interfere with blood pressure levels, influence on food choices and neglect of the diet. Objective: This study aims to describe the relationship between stress and dietary intake of hypertensive patients. Methods: A transversal study was carried out at the Arterial Hypertension Clinic of the Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The participants were aged ≥ 18 years and hypertensive. Blood pressure, food consumption and anthropometric measurements were collected. The variables related to stress were evaluated by the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory (LSSI) for adults. Significance level of 5% has been considered for all analyzed data. Results: The number of participants was 100. There was a higher prevalence of the female sex (67%), the mean age of the study population was 55.87 ± 12.55 years. Among the participants, 86% were classified in some of the stress phases, on which 57% were in the resistance phase. It was observed that there was no correlation between the presence of stress (as well as their actions), pressure levels and food consumption. The consumption of foods rich in lipids and individuals with a prevalence of psychological symptoms of stress displayed a significant association. Conclusions: Rich in fat dietary has been the first choice in patients with psychological symptoms of stress. Further studies regarding remodeled dietary intake and blood pressure levels in relation to the stress phases are suggested. These findings are important to contribute to the development of prevention and treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases.


Resumo Fundamento: O estresse é um estado de ameaça ao equilíbrio do organismo, podendo causar alterações biológicas e psicológicas. No paciente hipertenso o estresse pode interferir nos níveis pressóricos e gerar influência nas escolhas alimentares e negligência da dieta. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a relação entre o estresse e consumo alimentar de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido no Ambulatório de Hipertensão Arterial do Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram da pesquisa indivíduos hipertensos com idade > 18 anos. Foram coletados dados de pressão arterial, consumo alimentar e medidas antropométricas. As variáveis relacionadas ao estresse foram avaliadas pelo inventário de sintomas de stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Em todas as análises foi considerando um nível de significância 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: O número de participantes foi de 100. Houve maior prevalência no sexo feminino (67%), a idade média da população estudada foi 55,87 ± 12,55 anos. Dos participantes, 86% se classificaram em alguma das fases do estresse, sendo que destes, 57% estavam na fase de resistência. Observou-se que não houve correlação entre a presença de estresse (bem como suas fases), níveis pressóricos e consumo alimentar. O consumo de alimentos ricos em lipídios em hipertensos com sintomas de estresse apresentou significância estatística. Conclusão: Os alimentos ricos em gordura prevaleceram entre as escolhas alimentares nos pacientes com sintomas psicológicos de estresse. Sugere-se mais estudos em relação a alteração do consumo alimentar e níveis pressóricos em relação às fases do estresse.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Stress, Psychological , Diet/psychology , Food Preferences/psychology , Hypertension/psychology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Diet/adverse effects , Feeding Behavior , Hypertension/etiology
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